The Wrocław Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences was established in December 1970; it is one of the oldest regional branches of the Academy, with an average number of members of the Polish Academy of Sciences; its area of activity covers Lower Silesia.

The founding members of the Branch included eminent scholars: Włodzimierz Trzebiatowski, Bogusława Jeżowska-Trzebiatowska, Stanisław Kulczyński, Hugo Steinhaus, Hugon Kowarzyk, Stanisław Tołpa, Alfred Jahn, Tadeusz Baranowski, Wiktor Bros, Henryk Teisseyre, Czesław Ryll-Nardzewski, and Tadeusz Garbuliński.

The following individuals served as chairpersons of the Branch: Prof. Włodzimierz Trzebiatowski (1971), Prof. Kazimierz Urbanik (1972–1977), Prof. Bogusława Jeżowska-Trzebiatowska (1978–1991), Prof. Zdzisław Bubnicki (1992–1998), Prof. Edmund Małachowicz (1999–2006), Prof. Daniel Bem (2007–2010), Prof. Andrzej Żelaźniewicz (2011–2018), Prof. Lechosław Latos-Grażyński (2019–2022), Prof. Krzysztof Redlich (2023). Currently, since 2024, the president of the Branch is Prof. Piotr Biler.

The members of the Branch currently represent a wide spectrum of exact sciences, technical sciences, life sciences, medical sciences and earth sciences, and are professionally associated with Wrocław universities and scientific institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The composition of the Branch changes over time and with the election of new members.